Columbus Day sparks questions every year—especially “is Columbus Day a federal holiday?” In 2025, this question is more important than ever as American cities, businesses, and schools navigate changing traditions and evolving public sentiment. This comprehensive blog breaks down the Columbus Day federal holiday status, what’s open and closed, how different states treat Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples’ Day, as well as the history, controversies, and updated practical guidance for readers in the USA.
What is Columbus Day?
Columbus Day traditionally honors Christopher Columbus’s landing in the Americas on October 12, 1492. The holiday was first recognized by Colorado in 1906 and became a federal holiday in 1937. For decades, it’s been a day of parades, American heritage celebrations, and, more recently, reflection on its impact on Indigenous peoples.
Is Columbus Day a Federal Holiday?
Yes, Columbus Day is a federal holiday in the United States. This means that, by law, it is recognized by the federal government. Federal workers generally have the day off, federal offices are closed, and there are some impacts on mail delivery, banking, and more.
Columbus Day is observed on the second Monday of October—in 2025, that’s October 13th. This places it as the first federal holiday of fall, often leading into long weekends for government employees.
How Federal Holidays Work
- Federal holidays are designated by Congress and result in the closure of all non-essential federal offices and courts.
- U.S. post offices and most banks also follow the federal holiday calendar.
But: Not every state recognizes Columbus Day as a state holiday, and many businesses treat it as a normal business day.
What’s Open and Closed on Columbus Day 2025?
To answer is Columbus Day a federal holiday, it’s helpful to know what disruptions to expect.
Closed on Columbus Day
- Federal offices
- Federal courts
- Most state and local government offices (depending on state)
- U.S. Post Offices (no regular mail delivery)
- Most banks (check your specific bank branch)
- Public libraries (in many locations)
Open on Columbus Day
- Retail stores
- Grocery stores
- Gas stations
- Most restaurants and fast-food chains
- National parks and landmarks
Special Cases:
- Schools: Districts have varying policies; many schools remain open if their state does not observe Columbus Day.
- Stock Market: Both NASDAQ and NYSE operate on normal schedules on Columbus Day.
Columbus Day in Different States: A Patchwork of Observance
In recent years, the question of “is Columbus Day a federal holiday?” has been complicated by states and cities adopting Indigenous Peoples’ Day instead, or recognizing both.
- States recognizing Columbus Day: Alabama, Connecticut, Georgia, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and more.
- States replacing/renaming it as Indigenous Peoples’ Day: Alaska, Hawaii, Maine, New Mexico, Oregon, South Dakota, Vermont, and several cities in other states.
- States that don’t officially observe Columbus Day: California, Florida, Nevada, Texas, and a growing number of others.
Dual Observance and Regional Differences
Many states, like Michigan, now officially recognize Indigenous Peoples’ Day on the same date as Columbus Day. In some areas, only local tribal nations and organizations hold events, while larger cities may host both Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples’ Day parades or educational forums.
Why Is There Controversy Over Columbus Day?
Over the past several decades, advocacy by Native American and Indigenous groups has led to a nationwide re-examination of the holiday. Critics argue Columbus’s arrival marked the start of displacement and suffering for Native peoples. Proponents focus on the holiday’s celebration of exploration and Italian-American heritage.
Changes and Trends
- Many schools, cities, and major employers now refer to this second Monday of October as Indigenous Peoples’ Day.
- As of 2025, over 20 states recognize the alternative holiday in some form, and more than 130 cities nationally have made the switch—this trend is expected to continue and grow.
Columbus Day 2025: Calendar Placement & Date
- In 2025, Columbus Day falls on Monday, October 13.
- The holiday is always on the second Monday of October.
- Indigenous Peoples’ Day, where observed, is held the same day.
| Year | Columbus Day Date |
| 2023 | October 9 |
| 2024 | October 14 |
| 2025 | October 13 |
| 2026 | October 12 |
How Long Weekend Impacts Work and Travel in the US
For federal employees, it’s a compensated day off. For private businesses, it’s business as usual, except for any special deals or events. The long weekend boosts domestic travel and tourism, especially in cities hosting parades or festivals.
Federal Employee Rights and Holiday Pay
Federal workers (including USPS, IRS, Social Security, and federal courthouses) are automatically granted the holiday with pay. State workers receive benefits only if their state recognizes the holiday. For private businesses, paid holiday leave is at the employer’s discretion.
What About State and Local Employees?
There’s wide variation depending on the state and even the city. For example, in Michigan, Columbus Day is not a paid holiday for state employees, but federal offices close.
How Columbus Day Is Celebrated in 2025
Image Prompt: School children holding posters celebrating both Native American and Italian heritage.
- Italian-American parades and festivals in New York City, San Francisco, and Boston celebrate heritage and history.
- Educational events and public ceremonies acknowledge the contributions and suffering of Indigenous peoples in American history.
- Museums, libraries, and schools often hold exhibits or talks related to both holidays, seeking to educate and build understanding.
Shopping and Travel Deals
Retailers (especially department stores and car dealerships) often offer Columbus Day weekend sales. Many Americans use the long weekend for fall vacations or family travel.
Columbus Day and the USPS, Banks, and the Stock Market
- USPS: No mail delivery and post offices closed.
- Banks: Most major banks like Bank of America, Chase, and Wells Fargo are closed, but ATMs remain operational.
- Stock Market: Open; both NYSE and NASDAQ continue operating on normal hours.
- DMV/Public Offices: Likely closed unless stated otherwise by your state government.
Columbus Day vs Indigenous Peoples’ Day: Looking to the Future
The status of Columbus Day as a federal holiday remains uncertain. With more states and localities opting to observe Indigenous Peoples’ Day, the holiday is likely to continue evolving. Conversations about national identity, historical memory, and inclusiveness will keep shaping the way the second Monday of October is marked in America.
Recent Legislative Trends
- Every year, more state legislatures consider bills to rename, abolish, or dual-observe this holiday.
- Business, education, and government policies adapt quickly to reflect changing state and local law.
Quick Reference Table: What’s Open and Closed on Columbus Day 2025
| Service/Location | Status |
| Federal Offices | Closed |
| Post Offices/USPS | Closed |
| Major Banks | Closed |
| Stock Market | Open |
| Retail Stores | Open |
| Schools | Varies/Check local district |
| DMV | Usually Closed |
| Public Libraries | Varies |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Columbus Day a federal holiday everywhere?
Columbus Day is a federal holiday, so all federal government offices close. However, states and cities may choose not to observe it.
Will there be mail on Columbus Day 2025?
No, the USPS does not deliver regular mail on this holiday.
When is Indigenous Peoples’ Day observed?
Indigenous Peoples’ Day is on the same day as Columbus Day—the second Monday in October, October 13 in 2025.
Do schools close on Columbus Day?
This varies widely. Many schools stay open, particularly in states that do not officially recognize the holiday.
What occurs if Columbus Day coincides with a weekend?
If the holiday falls on a Saturday, federal offices may close the preceding Friday; if on a Sunday, closure may shift to the following Monday.
Conclusion: Columbus Day’s Evolving Role in America
The answer to “is Columbus Day a federal holiday” is a clear yes according to federal law. However, for Americans in 2025, whether the day is a break or business as usual depends on your state and employer policies. With ongoing debate and growing recognition of Indigenous Peoples’ Day, this holiday remains at the intersection of history, tradition, and changing national values.